Entrenamiento Aeróbico y de Fuerza Combinado comparado con Aeróbico solamente en la Rehabilitación de Pacientes con Insuficiencia CardÃaca
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Objetivo: comparar la influencia del entrenamiento aeróbico y de fuerza combinados (EAFC) con el entrenamiento aeróbico sobre variables relevantes de la rehabilitación cardÃaca (RC) en pacientes con insuficiencia cardÃaca (IC). Método: Realizamos una revisión de revisiones sistemáticas y meta-análisis en PubMed y Web of Science hasta marzo de 2020. Se utilizó la herramienta ‘Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2’ (AMSTAR-2) para evaluar la calidad metodológica de los estudios. Resultados: se identificaron un total de 600 artÃculos, de los cuales 5 se seleccionaron para esta revisión. En los estudios incluidos se identificaron un total de 16 intervenciones diferentes con 409 pacientes (rango edad media = 51-70 años) con IC y fracción de eyección del ventrÃculo izquierdo reducida. Un estudio presentó nivel de confianza alto y 4 estudios presentaron nivel de confianza moderado (AMSTAR-2). El EAFC presentó mejoras significativas sobre la calidad de vida y la fuerza muscular en comparación al entrenamiento aeróbico. No se encontraron diferencias significativas al comparar los efectos de los entrenamientos sobre la capacidad aeróbica, fracción de eyección del ventrÃculo izquierdo y pendiente de ventilación minuto/producción dióxido de carbono. Conclusiones: El EAFC es una intervención de ejercicio adecuada en la RC de pacientes con IC, potenciando las mejoras sobre calidad de vida y fuerza muscular en comparación al entrenamiento aeróbico. Son necesarios estudios que analicen los efectos del EAFC según caracterÃstica del entrenamiento, edad, severidad de la IC y tratamiento farmacológico.
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