Surgery in patients with mitral valve disease. Institute of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery

Abstract

Introduction and objectives: The incorporation of new valve prostheses and application of new implantation techniques have enabled exhibit satisfactory results in the surgical treatment of mitral valve disease, with a notable improvement in functional capacity and quality of life of patients. This research was aimed to describe the behavior of the mitral valve surgery.
Methods: A descriptive study of patients undergoing surgery for mitral disease took place in the Institute of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery of Havana from 1996 to 2006.
Results: The most frequent type of injury was mitral valve stenosis (46.8%). Smoking was the cardiovascular risk factor mostly found (44%). Heart failure was the main associated disease (36.5%). About half of the patients were in functional class III (52%). The most common etiology was rheumatic disease (94.3%). Most of the operations were performed electively (96.8%). The most frequent cause of urgent surgery was prosthetic dysfunction (53.3%). The most frequent postoperative complications associated with prosthesis were: infectious endocarditis (2.9%), bleeding from anticoagulation (2.3%), prosthetic thrombosis (1.9%) and paravalvular leak (1.2%). The hospital mortality was (5.7%).
Conclusions: Mitral stenosis was the predominant valve lesion and rheumatic disease was the most common etiology. The most frequent postoperative complications related to the prosthesis were infectious endocarditis and hospital mortality was low.