¿Cómo influye la rehabilitación cardÃaca después de la cirugÃa coronaria y la angioplastia?
Resumen
Los programas de rehabilitación cardÃaca (RC) y prevención secundaria se consideran dentro de las principales indicaciones de la cardiopatÃa isquémica, incluyendo los diversos métodos de revascularización del miocardio, ya sea mediante cirugÃa coronaria o angioplastia.
La RC es la intervención con la mejor evidencia cientÃfica en contribuir a la disminución de la morbilidad y mortalidad en cardiopatÃa isquémica, en particular después del infarto del miocardio, pero también en intervenciones de las arterias coronarias. Por tanto es recomendada con el más alto nivel de evidencia cientÃfica (Clase I) por las más importantes organizaciones cardiológicas internacionales.
Para pacientes quirúrgicos la rehabilitación se inicia inmediatamente después de la cirugÃa con el objetivo de facilitar el incremento de su estado funcional y psicológico.
Los pacientes después de la angioplastia coronaria se consideran candidatos para efectuar un programa de ejercicios fÃsicos, pues éste además de incrementar su capacidad funcional, reduce los factores de riesgo coronario y enlentece la progresión o disminuye la severidad de la aterosclerosis subyacente.
Está confirmado que la RC integral disminuye la mortalidad cardiovascular, los ingresos hospitalarios e incrementa la calidad de vida. Tales beneficios son válidos para las intervenciones de revascularización del miocardio, ya sea por métodos quirúrgicos o intervencionistas.
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Referencias
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