Revascularización miocárdica completa sin circulación extracorpórea con arterias mamarias internas.
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Introducción: La Enfermedad Arterial Coronaria es la patología cardiaca más frecuente y cada vez un mayor número de pacientes requieren un procedimiento quirúrgico para revascularizar el miocardio. Objetivos: Comprobar los beneficios de la cirugía de revascularización miocárdica completa sin circulación extracorpórea con arterias mamarias internas en cuanto a morbilidad y mortalidad hospitalaria. Método: Estudio analítico y prospectivo, en pacientes que requirieron de forma consecutiva una cirugía de revascularización miocárdica, desde mayo 2018 - septiembre 2019, en el Instituto de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular. Resultados: La hipertensión arterial, el hábito de fumar, la diabetes mellitus y la dislipidemia fueron los factores de riesgo más frecuentes. En el 93,8% de los pacientes estaban presentes tres o más factores de riesgo. La incidencia de eventos cardiacos y cerebrovasculares adversos mayores (3,7%) y de mortalidad (2,5%) fue baja, con una supervivencia libre de eventos cardiacos y cerebrovasculares adversos mayores del 96%. La aparición de eventos cardiacos y cerebrovasculares adversos mayores, y el accidente cerebrovascular se relacionó con la mortalidad a 30 días. Conclusiones: La cirugía de revascularización miocárdica completa sin circulación extracorpórea, exclusivamente con arterias mamarias internas en pacientes con enfermedad arterial coronaria multivaso, se puede realizar con una baja incidencia de morbilidad y mortalidad a los 30 días. La aparición de eventos cardiacos y cerebrovasculares adversos mayores y accidente cerebrovascular posoperatorio se relaciona significativamente con la mortalidad hospitalaria.
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